/* =============================================================
   Sangukanna Balasiddhar Journal — Homepage styles
   Palette: navy #163A5A · blue #285A83 · gold #C5A15A
   Warm saffron/cream accents echo the Mailam college banner.
   ============================================================= */

:root {
  --navy: #163A5A;
  --navy-deep: #0F2A43;
  --navy-ink: #0B2036;
  --blue: #285A83;
  --gold: #C5A15A;
  --gold-soft: #E7D4A6;
  --gold-deep: #9E7C37;
  --saffron: #E38A1F;
  --cream: #FBF6EC;
  --tint: #F3F6FA;
  --line: #DCE3EC;
  --ink: #1B2027;
  --muted: #3D4652;
  --white: #FFFFFF;

  --font-serif: "Cormorant Garamond", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --font-sans: "Source Sans 3", "Segoe UI", system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
  --font-ta-serif: "Noto Serif Tamil", "Latha", serif;
  --font-ta-sans: "Noto Sans Tamil", "Latha", sans-serif;

  --radius: 14px;
  --radius-sm: 8px;
  --shadow-sm: 0 2px 8px rgba(15, 42, 67, .06);
  --shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(15, 42, 67, .09);
  --shadow-lg: 0 18px 44px rgba(15, 42, 67, .16);
  --ease: cubic-bezier(.22, .61, .36, 1);
}

/* ---------- Base ---------- */
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 84px; }
body {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--white);
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}
[lang="ta"] { font-family: var(--font-ta-sans); line-height: 1.85; }
h1, h2, h3, h4 { color: var(--navy); }
a { color: var(--blue); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
a:hover { color: var(--navy); }
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--gold);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.skip-link {
  position: absolute; left: 1rem; top: -60px; z-index: 2000;
  background: var(--navy); color: #fff; padding: .6rem 1rem; border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  transition: top .2s;
}
.skip-link:focus { top: 1rem; color: #fff; }

/* ---------- Top bar ---------- */
.topbar {
  background: var(--navy-ink);
  color: #C9D5E3;
  font-size: .875rem;
  padding: .45rem 0;
}
.topbar-list { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .35rem 1.5rem; }
.topbar-list li { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .45rem; }
.topbar-list i { color: var(--gold); }
.topbar a { color: #E6EDF5; text-decoration: none; }
.topbar a:hover { color: var(--gold-soft); }
.topbar-meta {
  display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  gap: .4rem .6rem; text-align: center;
}
.topbar-chip {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center;
  border: 1px solid rgba(197, 161, 90, .45);
  color: var(--gold-soft);
  padding: .1rem .75rem; border-radius: 999px; font-size: .78rem; letter-spacing: .02em;
  line-height: 1.5; white-space: nowrap;
}

/* ---------- Brand header (college-banner inspired) ---------- */
.brand-header {
  position: relative;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 12% 50%, rgba(227, 138, 31, .14), transparent 42%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 88% 50%, rgba(227, 138, 31, .14), transparent 40%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #FFFDF8 0%, var(--cream) 100%);
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--gold);
  padding: 1.1rem 0;
}
.brand-header::after { /* thin saffron line under gold, like the college banner */
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: -6px; height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--saffron), var(--gold), var(--saffron));
  opacity: .55;
}
.brand-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}
.brand-center { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 1.25rem; text-decoration: none; min-width: 0; }
.brand-logo { flex: 0 0 auto; width: 96px; }
.brand-logo img { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; filter: drop-shadow(0 4px 10px rgba(15,42,67,.18)); }
.brand-text { text-align: center; display: block; min-width: 0; }
.brand-text > span { display: block; }
.brand-tamil {
  font-family: var(--font-ta-serif);
  color: #A3341C;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  margin: 0 0 .1rem;
}
.brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3.3vw, 2.85rem);
  letter-spacing: .06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--navy);
  line-height: 1.1;
  margin: 0;
}
.brand-tagline {
  margin: .35rem 0 0;
  color: var(--gold-deep);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-size: .8rem;
}
.brand-office { margin: .15rem 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .88rem; }
.brand-portrait {
  width: 104px; height: 128px;
  border-radius: 50% / 50%;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 4px solid #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--gold), 0 8px 20px rgba(15,42,67,.2);
  background: var(--saffron);
}
.brand-portrait img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 20%; }
.brand-portrait--left img { object-position: 50% 42%; }

/* ---------- Main navigation ---------- */
.main-nav {
  background: var(--navy);
  padding: 0;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 0 rgba(197,161,90,.0);
  transition: box-shadow .3s var(--ease), background .3s var(--ease);
}
.main-nav.is-stuck { box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(11, 32, 54, .25); background: var(--navy-deep); }
.nav-mini-brand {
  display: none;
  align-items: center; gap: .5rem;
  color: #fff; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.2rem; letter-spacing: .04em;
  padding: .5rem 0;
}
.nav-mini-brand img { width: 34px; height: 34px; object-fit: contain; background: #fff; border-radius: 50%; padding: 2px; }
.nav-mini-brand:hover, .nav-mini-brand:focus { color: var(--gold-soft); }

.main-nav .nav-link {
  position: relative;
  color: #E3EAF2;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: .9rem;
  letter-spacing: .01em;
  padding: 1rem .62rem !important;
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: color .2s var(--ease);
}
.main-nav .nav-link::before { /* gold underline */
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: .62rem; right: .62rem; bottom: .6rem; height: 2px;
  background: var(--gold); transform: scaleX(0); transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform .25s var(--ease);
}
.main-nav .nav-link:hover, .main-nav .nav-link:focus-visible,
.main-nav .nav-link.active, .main-nav .show > .nav-link { color: #fff; }
.main-nav .nav-link:hover::before, .main-nav .nav-link.active::before,
.main-nav .show > .nav-link::before { transform: scaleX(1); }
.main-nav .dropdown-toggle::after {
  border: 0; content: "\F282"; font-family: "bootstrap-icons"; font-size: .62rem;
  vertical-align: .1em; margin-left: .3rem; transition: transform .2s;
}
.main-nav .show > .dropdown-toggle::after { transform: rotate(180deg); }

.main-nav .dropdown-menu {
  border: 0;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--gold);
  border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius-sm) var(--radius-sm);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  padding: .45rem 0;
  min-width: 230px;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.main-nav .dropdown-item {
  font-size: .93rem; color: var(--ink);
  padding: .55rem 1.15rem;
  white-space: normal;
  position: relative;
  transition: background .2s, color .2s, padding .2s;
}
.main-nav .dropdown-item:hover, .main-nav .dropdown-item:focus {
  background: var(--tint); color: var(--navy); padding-left: 1.4rem;
}
.main-nav .dropdown-item:hover::before, .main-nav .dropdown-item:focus::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: .7rem; top: 50%; width: 5px; height: 5px;
  margin-top: -2.5px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--gold);
}

/* Desktop: open on hover, animated */
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .main-nav .dropdown-menu {
    display: block; opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; transform: translateY(8px);
    transition: opacity .2s var(--ease), transform .2s var(--ease), visibility .2s;
  }
  .main-nav .dropdown:hover > .dropdown-menu,
  .main-nav .dropdown-menu.show { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: translateY(0); }
}
@media (min-width: 1200px) and (max-width: 1299.98px) {
  .main-nav .nav-link { font-size: .86rem; padding-left: .5rem !important; padding-right: .5rem !important; }
  .main-nav .nav-link::before { left: .5rem; right: .5rem; }
}

/* Hamburger */
.navbar-toggler {
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3); padding: .55rem .6rem; border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  display: inline-flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px;
}
.navbar-toggler:focus { box-shadow: none; }
.toggler-bar { display: block; width: 22px; height: 2px; background: #fff; border-radius: 2px; transition: transform .25s, opacity .25s; }
.navbar-toggler[aria-expanded="true"] .toggler-bar:nth-child(1) { transform: translateY(6px) rotate(45deg); }
.navbar-toggler[aria-expanded="true"] .toggler-bar:nth-child(2) { opacity: 0; }
.navbar-toggler[aria-expanded="true"] .toggler-bar:nth-child(3) { transform: translateY(-6px) rotate(-45deg); }

@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  .nav-mini-brand { display: inline-flex; }
  .main-nav .container-xxl { padding-top: .2rem; padding-bottom: .2rem; }
  .main-nav .navbar-collapse { max-height: calc(100vh - 70px); overflow-y: auto; padding-bottom: .75rem; }
  .main-nav .nav-link { padding: .75rem .25rem !important; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
  .main-nav .nav-link::before { display: none; }
  .main-nav .dropdown-menu {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.05); box-shadow: none; border-top: 0; border-left: 2px solid var(--gold);
    border-radius: 0; margin: .25rem 0 .5rem .25rem;
  }
  .main-nav .dropdown-item { color: #D7E1EC; }
  .main-nav .dropdown-item:hover, .main-nav .dropdown-item:focus { background: rgba(255,255,255,.08); color: #fff; }
}

/* ---------- Buttons ---------- */
.btn { font-weight: 600; border-radius: 999px; padding: .7rem 1.5rem; letter-spacing: .01em; transition: transform .2s var(--ease), box-shadow .2s var(--ease), background .2s, color .2s, border-color .2s; }
.btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); }
.btn:active { transform: translateY(0); }
.btn-gold { background: var(--gold); color: var(--navy-ink); border: 1px solid var(--gold); }
.btn-gold:hover, .btn-gold:focus-visible { background: #D3B271; color: var(--navy-ink); border-color: #D3B271; box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(197,161,90,.35); }
.btn-navy { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--navy); }
.btn-navy:hover, .btn-navy:focus-visible { background: var(--blue); color: #fff; border-color: var(--blue); box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(22,58,90,.25); }
.btn-outline-light-soft { color: #fff; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.55); background: transparent; }
.btn-outline-light-soft:hover, .btn-outline-light-soft:focus-visible { background: #fff; color: var(--navy); border-color: #fff; }

/* ---------- Hero ---------- */
.hero { position: relative; }
.hero-slide {
  min-height: 560px;
  height: clamp(560px, 72vh, 680px);
  color: #fff;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.hero-slide::before { /* kolam dot texture */
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0;
  background-image: radial-gradient(rgba(231, 212, 166, .16) 1.2px, transparent 1.4px);
  background-size: 26px 26px;
  mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0%, #000 55%, #000 100%);
  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0%, #000 55%, #000 100%);
}
.hero-slide::after { /* soft concentric rings */
  content: ""; position: absolute; width: 760px; height: 760px; right: -220px; top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: repeating-radial-gradient(circle, rgba(197,161,90,.10) 0 1px, transparent 1px 46px);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.hero-slide--1 { background: linear-gradient(120deg, var(--navy-ink) 0%, var(--navy) 55%, var(--blue) 100%); }
.hero-slide--2 { background: linear-gradient(120deg, #1A2E44 0%, #5A3418 60%, #A35A17 100%); }
.hero-slide--3 { background: linear-gradient(120deg, var(--navy-ink) 0%, #1D4A6E 60%, #2F6A8E 100%); }
.hero .container-xxl { position: relative; z-index: 2; }
.hero .row { min-height: inherit; }
.hero-copy { padding: 3.5rem 0 4.5rem; }
.hero-kicker {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .6rem;
  color: var(--gold-soft); font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .16em; font-size: .82rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.hero-kicker::before { content: ""; width: 34px; height: 1px; background: var(--gold); }
.hero-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif); color: #fff; font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 5vw, 3.9rem); line-height: 1.05; margin-bottom: 1rem;
  max-width: 14ch;
}
.hero-sub { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-style: italic; font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2vw, 1.45rem); color: var(--gold-soft); margin-bottom: .6rem; }
.hero-text { color: #D5DFEA; max-width: 56ch; margin-bottom: 1.8rem; }
.hero-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .8rem; }

.carousel-item.active .hero-copy > * { animation: heroIn .9s var(--ease) both; }
.carousel-item.active .hero-copy > *:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: .08s; }
.carousel-item.active .hero-copy > *:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: .16s; }
.carousel-item.active .hero-copy > *:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: .24s; }
.carousel-item.active .hero-copy > *:nth-child(5) { animation-delay: .32s; }
@keyframes heroIn { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(18px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: none; } }

/* Decorative cover */
.cover-mock {
  position: relative; margin-left: auto; width: 320px; aspect-ratio: 3 / 4.1;
  background: linear-gradient(160deg, #FFFDF7, #F3E7CC);
  border-radius: 6px 14px 14px 6px;
  box-shadow: -14px 18px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.35), inset 10px 0 0 rgba(22,58,90,.9), inset 13px 0 0 var(--gold);
  text-align: center; padding: 2.4rem 1.8rem 1.6rem 2.6rem;
  transform: rotate(-3deg);
  color: var(--navy);
}
.cover-band { position: absolute; left: 13px; right: 0; top: 0; height: 10px; background: var(--gold); border-top-right-radius: 14px; }
.cover-emblem { width: 120px; margin: .5rem auto 1rem; display: block; }
.cover-ta { font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); color: #A3341C; font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.15rem; margin: 0; }
.cover-en { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.35rem; line-height: 1.15; margin: .2rem 0 .8rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; }
.cover-rule { display: block; width: 60px; height: 2px; background: var(--gold); margin: 0 auto .8rem; }
.cover-meta { font-size: .85rem; color: var(--muted); margin: 0; }
.cover-issn { position: absolute; bottom: 1.1rem; left: 0; right: 0; font-size: .75rem; letter-spacing: .1em; color: var(--gold-deep); margin: 0; padding-left: 13px; }

/* Portrait slide */
.hero-portrait { margin: 0; text-align: center; }
.hero-portrait img {
  width: 260px; height: 330px; object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 15%;
  border-radius: 50% / 50%;
  border: 6px solid rgba(255,255,255,.9);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px var(--gold), 0 24px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.35);
}
.hero-portrait figcaption { margin-top: 1rem; font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); color: var(--gold-soft); font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.15rem; }

/* Steps slide */
.hero-steps { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: grid; gap: 1rem; }
.hero-steps li {
  display: flex; gap: 1rem; align-items: center;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.07); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14);
  border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1rem 1.2rem; backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
}
.hero-steps span { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--gold); min-width: 2.6rem; }
.hero-steps strong { display: block; color: #fff; }
.hero-steps small { color: #C9D5E3; font-size: .9rem; }

/* Carousel controls */
.carousel-control-prev, .carousel-control-next { width: 6%; opacity: 1; z-index: 3; }
.hero-ctrl {
  width: 46px; height: 46px; border-radius: 50%; display: grid; place-items: center;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.4); color: #fff; font-size: 1.15rem;
  background: rgba(11,32,54,.25); transition: background .2s, border-color .2s;
}
.carousel-control-prev:hover .hero-ctrl, .carousel-control-next:hover .hero-ctrl,
.carousel-control-prev:focus-visible .hero-ctrl, .carousel-control-next:focus-visible .hero-ctrl { background: var(--gold); border-color: var(--gold); color: var(--navy-ink); }
.carousel-indicators { margin-bottom: 1.6rem; z-index: 3; }
.carousel-indicators [data-bs-target] { width: 28px; height: 4px; border-radius: 4px; border: 0; background: rgba(255,255,255,.5); opacity: 1; transition: width .3s, background .3s; }
.carousel-indicators .active { width: 46px; background: var(--gold); }

/* ---------- Sections ---------- */
.section { padding: 2.9rem 0; }
.section--tint { background: var(--tint); }
.section-head { max-width: 760px; margin: 0 auto 3rem; }
.eyebrow {
  color: var(--gold-deep); font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: .8rem; margin-bottom: .5rem;
}
.eyebrow--gold { color: var(--gold); }
.section-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3.4vw, 2.7rem); line-height: 1.15; margin-bottom: .9rem;
}
.title-rule { display: block; width: 72px; height: 3px; background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--gold), var(--gold-soft)); border-radius: 3px; margin-bottom: 1.4rem; }
.section-intro { color: var(--muted); margin: 0 auto; }
.lead-text { font-size: 1.15rem; color: #333B45; }
.demo-note { font-size: .88rem; color: var(--muted); margin: .4rem 0 0; }
.demo-note i { color: var(--gold-deep); }
.demo-tag {
  display: inline-block; font-style: normal; font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .06em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--gold-deep); background: #FBF3E1; border: 1px dashed var(--gold); border-radius: 4px; padding: 0 .4rem; line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Introduction info panel */
.info-panel {
  background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  overflow: hidden; position: relative;
}
.info-panel::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; bottom: 0; width: 5px; background: linear-gradient(var(--gold), var(--saffron)); }
.info-panel-head { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem; padding: 1.4rem 1.6rem; background: var(--cream); border-bottom: 1px solid #EEE3CC; }
.info-panel-head img { width: 56px; height: auto; }
.info-panel-ta { margin: 0; font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); color: #A3341C; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; }
.info-panel-title { margin: 0; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--navy); line-height: 1.2; }
.info-list { margin: 0; padding: .5rem 1.6rem 1.2rem; }
.info-list > div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 170px 1fr; gap: 1rem; padding: .8rem 0; border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--line); }
.info-list > div:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.info-list dt { font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .55rem; }
.info-list dt i { color: var(--gold-deep); }
.info-list dd { margin: 0; color: var(--ink); }

/* Research area cards */

/* Highlight cards */
.highlight-card {
  display: flex; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; text-decoration: none; color: var(--ink);
  border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.8rem 1.5rem; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--navy);
  transition: transform .3s var(--ease), box-shadow .3s var(--ease), border-color .3s;
}
.highlight-card > i { font-size: 2rem; color: var(--gold-deep); margin-bottom: .8rem; }
.highlight-card h3 { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 1.35rem; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: .5rem; }
.highlight-card p { color: var(--muted); font-size: .98rem; flex-grow: 1; }
.highlight-card:hover, .highlight-card:focus-visible { transform: translateY(-6px); box-shadow: var(--shadow); border-top-color: var(--gold); color: var(--ink); }
.link-arrow { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .4rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--blue); text-decoration: none; }
.link-arrow i { transition: transform .2s; }
a.link-arrow:hover i, .highlight-card:hover .link-arrow i { transform: translateX(4px); }

/* Call for papers */
.cfp { padding: 0 0 5.5rem; }
.cfp-inner {
  position: relative; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 20px; padding: 3.5rem 3rem;
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, var(--navy-ink), var(--navy) 60%, var(--blue));
  color: #D5DFEA; box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}
.cfp-inner::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; border-left: 6px solid var(--gold); border-radius: 20px; pointer-events: none; }
.cfp-inner::after { content: ""; position: absolute; width: 420px; height: 420px; right: -140px; top: -160px; border-radius: 50%; background: repeating-radial-gradient(circle, rgba(197,161,90,.14) 0 1px, transparent 1px 34px); pointer-events: none; }
.cfp-title { font-family: var(--font-serif); color: #fff; font-weight: 700; font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3.5vw, 2.6rem); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.cfp-text { font-size: 1.08rem; max-width: 60ch; margin: 0; }
.cfp-procedure { position: relative; z-index: 1; background: rgba(255,255,255,.07); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.6rem 1.6rem 1.2rem; }
.cfp-procedure h3 { color: var(--gold-soft); font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 700; }
.cfp-procedure ol { padding-left: 1.2rem; margin: 0; }
.cfp-procedure li { margin-bottom: .45rem; }
.cfp-procedure a { color: #fff; }

/* For authors */
.authors-wrap { max-width: 1040px; margin: 0 auto; }
.author-tabs { justify-content: center; gap: .5rem; margin-bottom: 1.6rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.author-tabs .nav-link { border-radius: 999px; color: var(--navy); font-weight: 600; border: 1px solid var(--line); background: #fff; padding: .55rem 1.3rem; }
.author-tabs .nav-link:hover { border-color: var(--gold); }
.author-tabs .nav-link.active { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; border-color: var(--navy); }
.author-panes { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); padding: 2.4rem; }
.pane-title { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.6rem; margin-bottom: 1.2rem; }
.pane-title[lang="ta"] { font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); font-size: 1.3rem; }
.guide-list { counter-reset: g; list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: .9rem 2rem; }
.guide-list li { counter-increment: g; position: relative; padding-left: 2.6rem; font-size: 1rem; }
.guide-list li::before { content: counter(g, decimal-leading-zero); position: absolute; left: 0; top: .1rem; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.15rem; color: var(--gold-deep); }
.prep-block { padding: 0 0 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--line); }
.prep-block:last-child { border-bottom: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
.prep-block h4, .structure h4 { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 700; display: flex; gap: .5rem; align-items: center; }
.prep-block h4 i { color: var(--gold-deep); }
.prep-block p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); }
.structure { background: var(--tint); border-radius: var(--radius-sm); padding: 1.5rem; height: 100%; }
.structure dl { margin: 0; }
.structure dt { color: var(--navy); font-weight: 700; margin-top: .6rem; }
.structure dd { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .96rem; }
.checklist { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: .75rem 2rem; }
.checklist li { position: relative; padding-left: 2rem; }
.checklist li::before { content: "\F26E"; font-family: "bootstrap-icons"; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; color: #fff; background: var(--gold); width: 1.35rem; height: 1.35rem; border-radius: 50%; display: grid; place-items: center; font-size: .9rem; margin-top: .2rem; }

/* About */
.about-ta { font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); color: var(--navy); background: var(--cream); border-left: 3px solid var(--gold); padding: 1rem 1.2rem; border-radius: 0 var(--radius-sm) var(--radius-sm) 0; font-size: .98rem; }
.about-block { position: relative; height: 100%; background: #fff; border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.8rem 1.6rem; border: 1px solid var(--line); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); transition: transform .3s var(--ease), box-shadow .3s var(--ease); }
.about-block:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.about-num { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 2.6rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--gold-soft); line-height: 1; position: absolute; right: 1.3rem; top: 1rem; }
.about-block h3 { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.55rem; margin-bottom: .2rem; }
.about-block h3::after { content: ""; display: block; width: 36px; height: 2px; background: var(--gold); margin: .5rem 0 .9rem; }
.about-block p { color: var(--muted); }
.objectives { margin: 0; padding-left: 1.1rem; font-size: .94rem; color: var(--ink); }
.objectives li { margin-bottom: .3rem; }
.objectives li::marker { color: var(--gold-deep); }
.scope-tags { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .4rem; }
.scope-tags li { font-size: .82rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); background: var(--tint); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 999px; padding: .1rem .7rem; }

/* Editorial */
.editor-card { display: flex; gap: 2rem; align-items: center; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 2.2rem; box-shadow: var(--shadow); position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.editor-card::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; right: 0; height: 4px; background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--navy), var(--gold)); }
.editor-avatar { flex: 0 0 auto; width: 128px; height: 128px; border-radius: 50%; display: grid; place-items: center; font-size: 3.6rem; color: #9AACBF; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #EEF2F7, #DDE5EE); box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #fff, 0 0 0 6px var(--gold-soft); }
.editor-role { display: inline-block; font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .14em; color: var(--gold-deep); }
.editor-pen { display: block; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.15rem; color: var(--gold-deep); margin-top: .35rem; line-height: 1.2; }
.editor-body h3 { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 2rem; margin: .1rem 0 .3rem; }
.editor-inst { color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: .8rem; }
.editor-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .4rem 1.5rem; margin-bottom: .9rem; }
.editor-links li { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .45rem; }
.editor-links i { color: var(--gold-deep); }

/* Current issue */
.issue-panel { background: #fff; border-radius: var(--radius); border: 1px solid var(--line); box-shadow: var(--shadow); padding: 1.6rem; height: 100%; }
.issue-cover { text-align: center; padding: 1.8rem 1rem; border-radius: var(--radius-sm); background: linear-gradient(160deg, var(--navy), var(--blue)); color: #fff; margin-bottom: 1.2rem; box-shadow: inset 0 -4px 0 var(--gold); }
.issue-cover img { width: 84px; height: 84px; object-fit: contain; background: #fff; border-radius: 50%; padding: 6px; margin-bottom: .7rem; box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px var(--gold); }
.issue-cover span { display: block; font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); font-weight: 700; color: var(--gold-soft); }
.issue-cover small { display: block; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 1.05rem; letter-spacing: .04em; }
.issue-meta { margin: 0 0 1.2rem; }
.issue-meta > div { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; padding: .55rem 0; border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--line); font-size: .95rem; }
.issue-meta dt { color: var(--muted); font-weight: 500; }
.issue-meta dd { margin: 0; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); text-align: right; }
.issue-meta dd.ph { color: var(--gold-deep); font-style: italic; }
.article-list { display: grid; gap: 1rem; }
.article-row { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-left: 4px solid var(--gold); border-radius: var(--radius-sm); padding: 1.4rem 1.6rem; transition: transform .25s var(--ease), box-shadow .25s var(--ease); }
.article-row:hover { transform: translateX(4px); box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.article-type { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .6rem; font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--blue); }
.article-row h3 { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.45rem; margin: .35rem 0 .3rem; }
.article-row h3 a { color: var(--navy); text-decoration: none; }
.article-row h3 a[lang="ta"] { font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); font-size: 1.15rem; }
.article-row h3 a:hover { color: var(--blue); text-decoration: underline; }
.article-authors { color: var(--muted); font-size: .95rem; margin-bottom: .5rem; display: flex; gap: .4rem; align-items: center; }
.archives-strip { margin-top: 2.5rem; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1.2rem; padding: 1.8rem 2rem; border-radius: var(--radius); background: var(--cream); border: 1px solid #EEE3CC; }
.archives-strip h3 { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.6rem; margin: 0; }
.archives-strip p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); }

/* Policies */
.policy-card { height: 100%; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.9rem 1.7rem; transition: transform .3s var(--ease), box-shadow .3s var(--ease); }
.policy-card:hover { transform: translateY(-5px); box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.policy-card > i { font-size: 1.8rem; color: var(--navy); }
.policy-card h3 { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.45rem; margin: .6rem 0 .5rem; }
.policy-card h3 span { font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); font-size: 1rem; color: var(--gold-deep); }
.policy-card p { color: var(--muted); }
.policy-ta { font-size: .92rem; border-top: 1px dashed var(--line); padding-top: .8rem; margin: 0; }

/* Complaints */
.complaint-box { display: flex; gap: 2rem; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 2.6rem; box-shadow: var(--shadow); max-width: 1040px; margin: 0 auto; }
.complaint-icon { flex: 0 0 auto; width: 72px; height: 72px; border-radius: 18px; display: grid; place-items: center; background: var(--navy); color: var(--gold-soft); font-size: 1.9rem; }
.complaint-body p { color: #3C4550; }
.complaint-contact { background: var(--tint); border-radius: var(--radius-sm); padding: .7rem 1rem; display: inline-block; }

/* Contact */
.contact-card { height: 100%; border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 2.2rem; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); transition: box-shadow .3s; }
.contact-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.contact-card h3 { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.6rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .6rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.contact-card h3 i { color: var(--gold-deep); font-size: 1.3rem; }
.contact-name { font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.15rem; color: var(--navy); }
.contact-list li { display: flex; gap: .9rem; align-items: flex-start; padding: .7rem 0; border-top: 1px dashed var(--line); }
.contact-list i { flex: 0 0 auto; width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 50%; display: grid; place-items: center; background: var(--tint); color: var(--navy); }
.contact-list small { display: block; font-size: .75rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .1em; color: var(--muted); font-weight: 600; }
.contact-list a { font-weight: 600; word-break: break-word; }
.contact-card address { font-style: normal; }
.contact-card--navy { background: linear-gradient(140deg, var(--navy-ink), var(--navy)); color: #D5DFEA; border-color: transparent; }
.contact-card--navy h3 { color: #fff; }
.contact-card--navy h3 i { color: var(--gold); }
.contact-card--navy .contact-list li { border-top-color: rgba(255,255,255,.14); }
.contact-card--navy .contact-list i { background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); color: var(--gold-soft); }
.contact-card--navy .contact-list small { color: #AFC0D2; }
.contact-card--navy a { color: #fff; }

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.site-footer { background: var(--navy-ink); color: #B8C6D6; padding-top: 4.5rem; border-top: 4px solid var(--gold); font-size: .98rem; }
.footer-brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .9rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.footer-brand img { width: 64px; height: 64px; object-fit: contain; background: #fff; border-radius: 50%; padding: 5px; }
.footer-ta { margin: 0; font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); color: var(--gold-soft); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.4; }
.footer-title { margin: 0; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; color: #fff; font-size: 1.35rem; line-height: 1.2; }
.footer-issn { color: var(--gold-soft); font-size: .88rem; letter-spacing: .06em; }
.footer-head { color: #fff; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.3rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; position: relative; padding-bottom: .5rem; }
.footer-head::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; bottom: 0; width: 32px; height: 2px; background: var(--gold); }
.footer-links li { margin-bottom: .45rem; }
.footer-links a { color: #B8C6D6; text-decoration: none; transition: color .2s, padding .2s; }
.footer-links a:hover, .footer-links a:focus-visible { color: var(--gold-soft); padding-left: 4px; }
.footer-contact li { display: flex; gap: .6rem; margin-bottom: .6rem; }
.footer-contact i { color: var(--gold); margin-top: .15rem; }
.site-footer a { color: #DCE5EF; }
.footer-publisher { color: #fff; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .04em; margin-bottom: .3rem; }
.footer-bottom { margin-top: 3rem; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08); padding: 1.2rem 0; font-size: .9rem; }
.back-top-link { text-decoration: none; }

.back-to-top {
  position: fixed; right: 1.2rem; bottom: 1.2rem; z-index: 1030; width: 46px; height: 46px; border-radius: 50%;
  border: 0; background: var(--gold); color: var(--navy-ink); font-size: 1.2rem; box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; transform: translateY(12px); transition: opacity .3s, transform .3s, visibility .3s;
}
.back-to-top.show { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: none; }
.back-to-top:hover { background: #D3B271; }

/* ---------- Responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .section { padding: 4.2rem 0; }
  .cfp { padding-bottom: 4.2rem; }
  .hero-slide { height: auto; min-height: 520px; }
  .hero-copy { padding: 3rem 1rem 4.5rem; text-align: center; }
  .hero-title, .hero-text { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
  .hero-kicker { justify-content: center; }
  .hero-actions { justify-content: center; }
  .cfp-inner { padding: 2.6rem 2rem; }
  .guide-list, .checklist { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .brand-logo { width: 76px; }
  .brand-center { gap: .9rem; }
  .brand-portrait { width: 86px; height: 106px; }
}
@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .brand-row { gap: .9rem; }
  .brand-office { display: none; }
  .brand-tamil { font-size: .95rem; }
  .brand-tagline { font-size: .7rem; letter-spacing: .08em; }
  .info-list > div { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .1rem; }
  .editor-card, .complaint-box { flex-direction: column; text-align: center; align-items: center; padding: 2rem 1.4rem; }
  .editor-links { justify-content: center; }
  .complaint-body { text-align: left; }
  .complaint-icon { margin: 0 auto; }
  .author-panes { padding: 1.6rem 1.2rem; }
  .carousel-control-prev, .carousel-control-next { display: none; }
}
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  body { font-size: 1rem; }
  .brand-header { padding: .8rem 0; }
  .brand-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .brand-portrait { display: none; }
  .brand-logo { width: 58px; }
  .brand-text { text-align: left; }
  .brand-title { font-size: 1.3rem; letter-spacing: .03em; }
  .brand-tamil { font-size: .8rem; line-height: 1.5; }
  .hero-slide { min-height: 500px; }
  .hero-copy { padding: 2.6rem .5rem 4rem; }
  .hero-actions .btn { width: 100%; }
  .cfp-inner { padding: 2.2rem 1.4rem; border-radius: 16px; }
  .archives-strip { padding: 1.5rem; }
  .topbar-list { gap: .2rem 1rem; font-size: .82rem; }
  .topbar { padding: .35rem 0; }
  .topbar-chip { font-size: .72rem; padding: .08rem .6rem; }
}

/* ---------- Reduced motion ---------- */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { animation-duration: .01ms !important; animation-iteration-count: 1 !important; transition-duration: .01ms !important; }
  [data-aos] { opacity: 1 !important; transform: none !important; }
}

/* ---------- Layout fixes ---------- */
.container-xxl { padding-left: 1rem; padding-right: 1rem; }
@media (min-width: 992px) { .container-xxl { padding-left: 1.5rem; padding-right: 1.5rem; } }
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .main-nav .dropdown-menu-xl-end { left: auto; right: 0; }
}
@media (min-width: 992px) { .hero .container-xxl { padding-left: 5rem; padding-right: 5rem; } }


/* =============================================================
   Template-inspired patterns (contour lines, dot grids,
   lined eyebrows, numbered cards with colour-wash hover)
   ============================================================= */

/* Lined eyebrow: — FIELDS OF STUDY — */
.eyebrow--lined { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .9rem; margin-bottom: .6rem; }
.eyebrow--lined::before, .eyebrow--lined::after { content: ""; width: 48px; height: 1px; background: var(--gold); }
.section-head .section-title { margin-bottom: 1rem; }

/* Contour-line background on tinted sections */
.section--tint, .areas-section { position: relative; isolation: isolate; }
.section--tint::before, .areas-section::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1; pointer-events: none;
  background: url("images/pattern-contour.svg") center / cover no-repeat;
}

/* Dot grids */
.dot-grid {
  position: absolute; width: 180px; height: 120px; pointer-events: none; z-index: 0;
  background-image: radial-gradient(var(--gold) 1.6px, transparent 1.8px);
  background-size: 18px 18px; opacity: .45;
}
.dot-grid--tl { left: 2.5%; top: 70px; }
.dot-grid--br { right: 2.5%; bottom: 60px; }

/* ---------- Research Areas ---------- */
.areas-section { background: linear-gradient(180deg, #F6F8FB 0%, #FBF8F1 100%); overflow: hidden; }
.areas-section .row { position: relative; z-index: 1; }

.area-card {
  position: relative; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; isolation: isolate;
  background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 2.4rem 2rem 2rem;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(15,42,67,.06);
  transition: transform .4s var(--ease), box-shadow .4s var(--ease), border-color .4s;
}
/* colour wash that rises on hover (template "service" block effect) */
.area-card::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1;
  background: linear-gradient(150deg, var(--navy) 0%, var(--navy-ink) 100%);
  transform: scaleY(0); transform-origin: bottom; transition: transform .45s var(--ease);
}
/* gold corner bar */
.area-card::after {
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 4px; height: 56px; background: var(--gold);
  transition: height .45s var(--ease);
}
.area-num {
  position: absolute; right: 1.4rem; top: .9rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 3.4rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1;
  color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke: 1px var(--gold-soft);
  transition: -webkit-text-stroke-color .4s, opacity .4s;
}
.area-icon {
  position: relative; width: 66px; height: 66px; border-radius: 50%;
  display: grid; place-items: center; font-size: 1.6rem; color: var(--navy);
  background: var(--cream); margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
  transition: background .4s, color .4s;
}
.area-icon::after { /* dashed gold ring */
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: -6px; border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px dashed var(--gold); transition: transform 1.2s linear, border-color .4s;
}
.area-card h3 { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: .25rem; transition: color .4s; }
.area-ta { font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); font-size: .9rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--gold-deep); margin-bottom: .8rem; transition: color .4s; }
.area-desc { color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 1.2rem; transition: color .4s; }
.area-link {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .45rem; font-weight: 600; font-size: .92rem;
  color: var(--navy); text-decoration: none; padding-top: .9rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  width: 100%; transition: color .4s, border-color .4s;
}
.area-link i { transition: transform .3s var(--ease); }

.area-card:hover, .area-card:focus-within { transform: translateY(-8px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); border-color: transparent; }
.area-card:hover::before, .area-card:focus-within::before { transform: scaleY(1); }
.area-card:hover::after, .area-card:focus-within::after { height: 100%; }
.area-card:hover .area-num, .area-card:focus-within .area-num { -webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(197,161,90,.55); }
.area-card:hover .area-icon, .area-card:focus-within .area-icon { background: var(--gold); color: var(--navy-ink); }
.area-card:hover .area-icon::after, .area-card:focus-within .area-icon::after { transform: rotate(180deg); border-color: var(--gold-soft); }
.area-card:hover h3, .area-card:focus-within h3 { color: #fff; }
.area-card:hover .area-ta, .area-card:focus-within .area-ta { color: var(--gold-soft); }
.area-card:hover .area-desc, .area-card:focus-within .area-desc { color: #C9D5E3; }
.area-card:hover .area-link, .area-card:focus-within .area-link { color: var(--gold-soft); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
.area-card:hover .area-link i { transform: translateX(5px); }
.area-link:focus-visible { outline-offset: 4px; }

/* Dot grid accent behind the intro info panel (template image accent) */
#introduction .info-panel { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
#introduction .col-lg-6:last-child { position: relative; }
#introduction .col-lg-6:last-child::after {
  content: ""; position: absolute; right: -6px; bottom: -22px; width: 160px; height: 90px; z-index: 0;
  background-image: radial-gradient(var(--gold) 1.6px, transparent 1.8px); background-size: 16px 16px; opacity: .5;
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .dot-grid { display: none; }
  #introduction .col-lg-6:last-child::after { right: 4px; }
}
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .brand-header .brand-center { justify-content: flex-start; }
  .brand-header .brand-text { text-align: left; }
  .eyebrow--lined::before, .eyebrow--lined::after { width: 26px; }
  .area-card { padding: 2rem 1.5rem 1.6rem; }
}

/* Header: logo + title as one centred group between the two portraits */
.brand-title { font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2.55vw, 2.45rem); letter-spacing: .05em; white-space: nowrap; }
.brand-portrait--left img { object-position: 50% 45%; }
@media (max-width: 1199.98px) { .brand-title { white-space: normal; } }
@media (max-width: 767.98px) { .brand-text > .brand-office { display: none; } }

/* =============================================================
   v3 — stronger text colour + thick patterned card frames
   ============================================================= */

/* Left header portrait: zoom in on the swamigal (full image incl. caption) */
.brand-portrait--left img { object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 40%; transform: scale(1.45); transform-origin: 50% 40%; }

/* ---------- Text colour & readability ---------- */
body { color: var(--ink); }
.section-intro, .lead-text { color: #2E3742; }
[lang="ta"] { color: inherit; }
.guide-list li { font-size: 1.06rem; font-weight: 500; color: var(--navy-ink); line-height: 1.85; }
.guide-list li::before { color: var(--gold-deep); font-size: 1.25rem; }
.pane-title { color: var(--navy); }
.prep-block p, .structure dd, .policy-card p, .about-block p, .area-desc,
.highlight-card p, .article-authors, .editor-inst, .complaint-body p { color: #36404C; }
.objectives { color: var(--navy-ink); font-weight: 500; }
.policy-ta { color: var(--navy-ink); font-weight: 500; }
.eyebrow { color: #8A6A28; }
.area-ta { color: #8A6A28; }

/* ---------- Thick patterned frame for all content cards ---------- */
.area-card, .highlight-card, .author-panes, .about-block, .policy-card,
.info-panel, .editor-card, .issue-panel, .article-row, .contact-card:not(.contact-card--navy),
.complaint-box, .structure {
  border: 2px solid #D8C08A;
  border-top: 5px solid var(--gold);
  /* outer frame + inner hairline = double-rule frame */
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 5px #fff, inset 0 0 0 6px rgba(197,161,90,.45), 0 8px 26px rgba(15,42,67,.08);
}
.structure { background: var(--tint); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 5px var(--tint), inset 0 0 0 6px rgba(197,161,90,.45); }
.article-row { border-top-width: 2px; border-left: 6px solid var(--gold); }

/* faint gold dot-pattern patch in the top-right corner of cards */
.policy-card, .about-block, .highlight-card, .author-panes, .issue-panel,
.contact-card:not(.contact-card--navy), .complaint-box {
  position: relative; isolation: isolate; overflow: hidden;
}
.policy-card::before, .about-block::before, .highlight-card::before, .author-panes::before,
.editor-card::after, .issue-panel::before, .contact-card:not(.contact-card--navy)::before, .complaint-box::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; right: 12px; top: 12px; width: 84px; height: 56px; z-index: -1; opacity: .7;
  background-image: radial-gradient(rgba(197,161,90,.5) 1.4px, transparent 1.6px);
  background-size: 14px 14px; pointer-events: none;
}
.editor-card::after { z-index: 0; }
.editor-card > * { position: relative; z-index: 1; }

/* hover: frame turns navy-gold */
.area-card:hover, .highlight-card:hover, .about-block:hover, .policy-card:hover,
.contact-card:not(.contact-card--navy):hover, .issue-panel:hover, .article-row:hover {
  border-color: var(--gold);
  border-top-color: var(--navy);
}
.highlight-card { border-top: 5px solid var(--navy); }
.highlight-card:hover { border-top-color: var(--gold); }

/* navy contact card gets a matching thick gold frame */
.contact-card--navy { border: 2px solid var(--gold); border-top: 5px solid var(--gold); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 5px var(--navy-ink), inset 0 0 0 6px rgba(197,161,90,.45), var(--shadow); }

/* call-for-papers & archives strip */
.cfp-inner { border: 2px solid rgba(197,161,90,.6); }
.archives-strip { border: 2px solid #D8C08A; border-top: 5px solid var(--gold); }
.author-tabs .nav-link { border-width: 2px; border-color: #D8C08A; }
.author-tabs .nav-link.active { border-color: var(--navy); }

/* =============================================================
   v5 — left & right header logos: identical arched gold frames
   ============================================================= */
.brand-portrait,
.brand-portrait--left,
.brand-portrait--right {
  width: 112px; height: 150px;
  border-radius: 56px 56px 12px 12px;          /* temple-arch shape */
  border: 4px solid #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px var(--gold), 0 10px 22px rgba(15,42,67,.22);
  background: var(--navy-ink);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.brand-portrait img,
.brand-portrait--left img,
.brand-portrait--right img {
  width: 100%; height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transform: none;                              /* no zoom — show the full portrait */
}
.brand-portrait--left img { object-position: 50% 30%; }
.brand-portrait--right img { object-position: 50% 30%; }

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .brand-portrait, .brand-portrait--left, .brand-portrait--right { width: 92px; height: 124px; border-radius: 46px 46px 10px 10px; }
}
.brand-header { padding: 1.3rem 0 1.4rem; }

/* =============================================================
   v6 — Lord Murugar in the exact centre (above the title),
   swamigal portraits left & right — like the temple banner
   ============================================================= */
.brand-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr; }
.brand-portrait--left { justify-self: start; }
.brand-portrait--right { justify-self: end; }
.brand-center { flex-direction: column; gap: .35rem; justify-content: center; }
.brand-logo { width: 92px; }
.brand-logo img { filter: drop-shadow(0 6px 12px rgba(15,42,67,.22)); }
.brand-text { text-align: center; }
.brand-tamil { margin-top: .1rem; }

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .brand-logo { width: 74px; }
}
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .brand-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .brand-header .brand-center { justify-content: center; align-items: center; }
  .brand-header .brand-text { text-align: center; }
  .brand-logo { width: 62px; }
}

/* =============================================================
   v7 — Inner pages (About Us, Author Instructions, Editorial
   Board, Contact, Achievers). Page-title banner follows the
   template's "page-title centred + content-box + bread-crumb"
   pattern, recoloured in the journal palette.
   ============================================================= */
.page-title {
  position: relative; overflow: hidden; isolation: isolate;
  padding: 4.5rem 0 4.8rem; color: #fff; text-align: center;
  background: linear-gradient(120deg, var(--navy-ink) 0%, var(--navy) 55%, var(--blue) 100%);
}
.page-title--warm { background: linear-gradient(120deg, #1A2E44 0%, #5A3418 60%, #A35A17 100%); }
.page-title::before { /* kolam dot texture, as in the hero */
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1;
  background-image: radial-gradient(rgba(231, 212, 166, .16) 1.2px, transparent 1.4px);
  background-size: 26px 26px;
}
.page-title::after { /* concentric rings */
  content: ""; position: absolute; z-index: -1; width: 620px; height: 620px; right: -200px; top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%);
  border-radius: 50%; background: repeating-radial-gradient(circle, rgba(197,161,90,.12) 0 1px, transparent 1px 42px);
}
.page-title .content-box {
  display: inline-block; max-width: 820px; position: relative;
  padding: 1.8rem 3rem 1.6rem;
  background: rgba(11, 32, 54, .45);
  border: 2px solid rgba(197,161,90,.7);
  border-top: 5px solid var(--gold);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 5px rgba(11,32,54,.0), inset 0 0 0 6px rgba(197,161,90,.35), 0 18px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.25);
  backdrop-filter: blur(3px);
}
.page-title .page-kicker { font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); color: var(--gold-soft); font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.05rem; margin: 0 0 .25rem; }
.page-title h1 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif); color: #fff; font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.4vw, 3.2rem); line-height: 1.1; margin: 0;
  padding-bottom: .7rem; margin-bottom: .8rem; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(231,212,166,.45);
}
.bread-crumb { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; gap: .2rem; font-size: .92rem; }
.bread-crumb li { color: var(--gold-soft); display: inline-flex; align-items: center; }
.bread-crumb li + li::before { content: "\F285"; font-family: "bootstrap-icons"; font-size: .7rem; margin: 0 .55rem; color: var(--gold); }
.bread-crumb a { color: #E6EDF5; text-decoration: none; }
.bread-crumb a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: underline; }

/* Sub-heading inside a section */
.sub-title { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.6vw, 2rem); margin-bottom: .4rem; }
.sub-title[lang="ta"] { font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2.2vw, 1.6rem); }

/* ---------- About page ---------- */
.about-ta-lead { font-family: var(--font-ta-sans); font-size: 1.08rem; line-height: 1.95; color: var(--navy-ink); font-weight: 500; }
.about-ta-lead strong { color: #A3341C; }
.translation-box { background: var(--cream); border-left: 4px solid var(--gold); border-radius: 0 var(--radius-sm) var(--radius-sm) 0; padding: 1.2rem 1.4rem; margin-top: 1.4rem; }
.translation-box .eyebrow { margin-bottom: .3rem; }
.translation-box p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; color: #2E3742; }

.objective-card {
  position: relative; height: 100%; display: flex; gap: 1rem; align-items: flex-start;
  background: #fff; border-radius: 4px; padding: 1.5rem 1.4rem;
  border: 2px solid #D8C08A; border-top: 5px solid var(--gold);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 5px #fff, inset 0 0 0 6px rgba(197,161,90,.45), 0 8px 26px rgba(15,42,67,.08);
  transition: transform .3s var(--ease), box-shadow .3s var(--ease), border-color .3s;
}
.objective-card:hover { transform: translateY(-5px); border-top-color: var(--navy); }
.objective-card .obj-num {
  flex: 0 0 auto; width: 48px; height: 48px; border-radius: 50%; display: grid; place-items: center;
  font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.25rem; color: var(--navy);
  background: var(--cream); box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px var(--gold) inset;
}
.objective-card p { margin: 0; font-weight: 500; color: var(--navy-ink); font-size: 1.02rem; padding-top: .55rem; }

/* ---------- Author instructions ---------- */
.side-nav { position: sticky; top: 92px; }
.side-nav .info-panel-head { padding: 1.1rem 1.3rem; }
.side-nav-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: .6rem; }
.side-nav-list a {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .6rem; padding: .6rem .8rem; border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  color: var(--navy); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; font-size: .96rem; transition: background .2s, color .2s, padding .2s;
}
.side-nav-list a i { color: var(--gold-deep); }
.side-nav-list a:hover, .side-nav-list a:focus-visible, .side-nav-list a.active { background: var(--tint); padding-left: 1.05rem; }
.side-nav-list a.active { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; }
.side-nav-list a.active i { color: var(--gold-soft); }
.side-nav .btn { margin: 0 .9rem 1rem; width: calc(100% - 1.8rem); }
.doc-block { margin-bottom: 2rem; scroll-margin-top: 96px; }
.doc-block:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.doc-block > .author-panes { padding: 2.2rem; }
.disclaimer-ta { font-size: 1.04rem; font-weight: 500; color: var(--navy-ink); line-height: 1.95; }
.mini-list { margin: .3rem 0 0; padding-left: 1.1rem; }
.mini-list li::marker { color: var(--gold-deep); }

/* ---------- Editorial board ---------- */
.member-card {
  position: relative; height: 100%; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; isolation: isolate;
  background: #fff; border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 2rem 1.5rem 1.6rem;
  border: 2px solid #D8C08A; border-top: 5px solid var(--gold);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 5px #fff, inset 0 0 0 6px rgba(197,161,90,.45), 0 8px 26px rgba(15,42,67,.08);
  transition: transform .3s var(--ease), box-shadow .3s var(--ease), border-color .3s;
}
.member-card::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; right: 12px; top: 12px; width: 84px; height: 56px; z-index: -1; opacity: .7;
  background-image: radial-gradient(rgba(197,161,90,.5) 1.4px, transparent 1.6px); background-size: 14px 14px;
}
.member-card:hover { transform: translateY(-6px); border-color: var(--gold); border-top-color: var(--navy); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 5px #fff, inset 0 0 0 6px rgba(197,161,90,.45), var(--shadow-lg); }
.member-avatar {
  width: 92px; height: 92px; margin: 0 auto 1rem; border-radius: 50%; display: grid; place-items: center;
  font-size: 2.6rem; color: #9AACBF; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #EEF2F7, #DDE5EE);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #fff, 0 0 0 6px var(--gold-soft);
}
.member-role { display: inline-block; font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .12em; color: #8A6A28; margin-bottom: .2rem; }
.member-card h3 { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.5rem; margin: 0 0 .5rem; }
.member-card h3[lang="ta"] { font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.5; }
.member-inst { color: #36404C; font-size: .96rem; margin-bottom: .9rem; }
.member-inst span { display: block; }
.member-email {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .45rem; font-weight: 600; font-size: .92rem; word-break: break-all;
  padding-top: .8rem; border-top: 1px dashed var(--line); width: 100%; justify-content: center;
}
.member-email i { color: var(--gold-deep); }
.member-card--wide { text-align: left; display: flex; gap: 1.8rem; align-items: center; padding: 2.2rem; }
.member-card--wide .member-avatar { margin: 0; flex: 0 0 auto; width: 120px; height: 120px; font-size: 3.2rem; }
.member-card--wide .member-email { justify-content: flex-start; width: auto; border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
.publisher-band {
  display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 1.5rem; justify-content: space-between;
  background: var(--cream); border: 2px solid #D8C08A; border-top: 5px solid var(--gold); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.8rem 2rem;
}
.publisher-band h3 { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.6rem; margin: 0; letter-spacing: .03em; }
.publisher-band p { margin: 0; color: #36404C; }
.publisher-band .pb-icon { width: 64px; height: 64px; border-radius: 16px; display: grid; place-items: center; background: var(--navy); color: var(--gold-soft); font-size: 1.7rem; flex: 0 0 auto; }

/* ---------- Contact page ---------- */
.map-frame { border: 2px solid #D8C08A; border-top: 5px solid var(--gold); border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden; box-shadow: var(--shadow); background: var(--tint); }
.map-frame iframe { display: block; width: 100%; height: 380px; border: 0; }
.enquiry-form .form-label { font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); font-size: .92rem; }
.enquiry-form .form-control, .enquiry-form .form-select { border: 1px solid #D8C08A; border-radius: var(--radius-sm); padding: .65rem .9rem; }
.enquiry-form .form-control:focus, .enquiry-form .form-select:focus { border-color: var(--gold); box-shadow: 0 0 0 .2rem rgba(197,161,90,.25); }
.form-hint { font-size: .85rem; color: var(--muted); }

/* ---------- Achievers ---------- */
.filter-chips { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; gap: .5rem; margin-bottom: 2.2rem; }
.filter-chips button {
  border-radius: 999px; color: var(--navy); font-weight: 600; border: 2px solid #D8C08A; background: #fff; padding: .45rem 1.2rem; font-size: .95rem;
  transition: background .2s, color .2s, border-color .2s;
}
.filter-chips button:hover { border-color: var(--gold); }
.filter-chips button.active { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; border-color: var(--navy); }
.achiever-card { position: relative; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; isolation: isolate; background: #fff; border-radius: var(--radius);
  border: 2px solid #D8C08A; border-top: 5px solid var(--gold);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 5px #fff, inset 0 0 0 6px rgba(197,161,90,.45), 0 8px 26px rgba(15,42,67,.08);
  transition: transform .3s var(--ease), box-shadow .3s var(--ease), border-color .3s; }
.achiever-card:hover { transform: translateY(-6px); border-top-color: var(--navy); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 5px #fff, inset 0 0 0 6px rgba(197,161,90,.45), var(--shadow-lg); }
.achiever-photo { position: relative; height: 210px; margin: 6px 6px 0; display: grid; place-items: center; font-size: 4rem; color: rgba(231,212,166,.75);
  background: linear-gradient(150deg, var(--navy) 0%, var(--navy-ink) 100%); overflow: hidden; }
.achiever-photo::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; background-image: radial-gradient(rgba(231,212,166,.16) 1.2px, transparent 1.4px); background-size: 22px 22px; }
.achiever-photo img { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.achiever-year { position: absolute; left: 1rem; bottom: -1px; background: var(--gold); color: var(--navy-ink); font-weight: 700; font-size: .82rem; letter-spacing: .06em; padding: .25rem .8rem; border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0; }
.achiever-body { padding: 1.4rem 1.5rem 1.6rem; }
.achiever-tag { font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .12em; color: var(--blue); }
.achiever-body h3 { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.45rem; margin: .25rem 0 .2rem; }
.achiever-award { font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); color: #A3341C; font-weight: 600; font-size: .98rem; margin-bottom: .6rem; }
.achiever-body p { color: #36404C; font-size: .97rem; margin-bottom: 0; }
.achiever-item.is-hidden { display: none; }

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .side-nav { position: static; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
  .page-title { padding: 3.4rem 0 3.6rem; }
}
@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .page-title .content-box { padding: 1.4rem 1.3rem 1.2rem; display: block; }
  .member-card--wide { flex-direction: column; text-align: center; padding: 2rem 1.4rem; }
  .member-card--wide .member-email { justify-content: center; }
  .doc-block > .author-panes { padding: 1.6rem 1.2rem; }
  .publisher-band { padding: 1.5rem; }
  .map-frame iframe { height: 300px; }
}

/* =============================================================
   v8 — Banner: navy · green · wine slides, equal-height slides,
   banner images visible on mobile
   ============================================================= */
.hero-slide--2 { background: linear-gradient(120deg, #0C2619 0%, #1B4D33 55%, #2C7A50 100%); }   /* green */
.hero-slide--3 { background: linear-gradient(120deg, #24070F 0%, #5A1426 55%, #8A2439 100%); }   /* wine */

/* Keep every slide the same height (no jump between slides) */
.carousel-fade .carousel-inner { display: grid; }
.carousel-fade .carousel-inner > .carousel-item { display: block; grid-area: 1 / 1; float: none; margin-right: 0; }
.carousel-fade .carousel-inner > .carousel-item:not(.active):not(.carousel-item-next):not(.carousel-item-prev) { visibility: hidden; }

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .hero-steps.d-lg-grid { display: grid !important; }
}

/* Mobile & tablet: image first, then the text */
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .hero-slide { height: auto; min-height: 0; }
  .hero .row { min-height: 0; padding: 2rem 0 3.6rem; }
  .hero-visual { order: -1; display: flex; justify-content: center; }
  .hero-copy { padding: 0 .5rem; }
  .cover-mock { width: 170px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 1.3rem 1rem .9rem 1.5rem; transform: rotate(-3deg); }
  .cover-emblem { width: 62px; margin: .2rem auto .5rem; }
  .cover-ta { font-size: .78rem; }
  .cover-en { font-size: .82rem; margin: .1rem 0 .4rem; }
  .cover-rule { margin-bottom: .4rem; width: 40px; }
  .cover-meta { font-size: .6rem; }
  .cover-issn { font-size: .55rem; bottom: .55rem; }
  .hero-portrait img { width: 150px; height: 190px; border-width: 4px; }
  .hero-portrait figcaption { font-size: .95rem; margin-top: .6rem; }
  .hero-slide::after { width: 460px; height: 460px; right: -200px; top: 120px; transform: none; }
}
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .hero-title { font-size: 2rem; }
  .hero-text { font-size: .95rem; margin-bottom: 1.3rem; }
  .hero .row { padding-top: 1.6rem; }
}

/* v9 — banner grows with its content, so the buttons are never cut off */
@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .hero-slide { height: auto; min-height: clamp(560px, 72vh, 680px); }
  .hero .row { min-height: clamp(560px, 72vh, 680px); }
  .hero-copy { padding: 3.5rem 0 4.8rem; }
}

/* =============================================================
   v10 — clean white menu bar (template style), neat publisher
   block, tighter Journal Highlights spacing
   ============================================================= */
.main-nav, .main-nav.is-stuck {
  background: #fff;
  border-top: 1px solid #EEE3CC;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.main-nav.is-stuck { box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(15, 42, 67, .10); }
.main-nav .nav-link { color: var(--navy); font-weight: 600; }
.main-nav .nav-link:hover, .main-nav .nav-link:focus-visible,
.main-nav .nav-link.active, .main-nav .show > .nav-link { color: #8A2439; }
.main-nav .nav-link::before { background: #8A2439; height: 2px; }
.main-nav .dropdown-menu { border-top-color: #8A2439; }
.main-nav .dropdown-item:hover::before, .main-nav .dropdown-item:focus::before { background: #8A2439; }
.nav-mini-brand, .nav-mini-brand:hover, .nav-mini-brand:focus { color: var(--navy); }
.nav-mini-brand img { box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px var(--gold-soft); }
.navbar-toggler { border-color: var(--line); }
.toggler-bar { background: var(--navy); }
@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  .main-nav .nav-link { border-bottom-color: var(--line); }
  .main-nav .dropdown-menu { background: var(--tint); border-left-color: #8A2439; }
  .main-nav .dropdown-item { color: var(--ink); }
  .main-nav .dropdown-item:hover, .main-nav .dropdown-item:focus { background: #fff; color: #8A2439; }
}

/* Publisher (Editorial Board page) — plain sans, clear hierarchy */
.publisher-card {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1.5rem;
  background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-left: 4px solid var(--gold);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm); padding: 1.6rem 1.8rem; box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.pc-icon { flex: 0 0 auto; width: 60px; height: 60px; border-radius: 50%; display: grid; place-items: center; background: var(--cream); color: var(--gold-deep); font-size: 1.5rem; box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #EEE3CC inset; }
.pc-label { margin: 0 0 .15rem; font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #8A2439; }
.pc-name { margin: 0 0 .35rem; font-family: var(--font-sans); font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.45rem; line-height: 1.3; color: var(--navy); letter-spacing: 0; }
.pc-line { margin: 0; color: #4A5562; font-size: 1rem; display: flex; gap: .5rem; align-items: baseline; }
.pc-line i { color: var(--gold-deep); }
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .publisher-card { flex-direction: column; text-align: center; padding: 1.5rem 1.2rem; }
  .pc-line { justify-content: center; }
}

/* Journal Highlights: less empty space above and below */
#highlights { padding-top: 2.2rem; padding-bottom: 2rem; }
#highlights .section-head { margin-bottom: 1.8rem; }
.cfp { padding-bottom: 3rem; }

/* =============================================================
   v11 — Burgundy & caramel header with the new journal logo
   ============================================================= */
:root {
  --burgundy: #5C1424;
  --burgundy-deep: #3E0C17;
  --caramel: #C68B4E;
  --coffee: #4A2C1D;
}
.brand-header {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  isolation: isolate;
  padding: 1.25rem 0 1.35rem;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% 0%, rgba(198, 139, 78, .38), transparent 62%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 0% 100%, rgba(74, 44, 29, .55), transparent 45%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 100% 100%, rgba(74, 44, 29, .55), transparent 45%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #6E1A2C 0%, var(--burgundy) 55%, var(--burgundy-deep) 100%);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--gold);
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--gold);
}
.brand-header::before { /* fine gold diamond lattice */
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1; pointer-events: none; opacity: .13;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(45deg, var(--gold-soft) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(-45deg, var(--gold-soft) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 26px 26px;
  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, #000 0%, transparent 28%, transparent 72%, #000 100%);
          mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, #000 0%, transparent 28%, transparent 72%, #000 100%);
}
.brand-header::after { /* caramel hairline under the gold border */
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; height: 2px; opacity: 1;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, var(--caramel), var(--gold-soft), var(--caramel), transparent);
}
.brand-header .container-xxl { display: flex; justify-content: center; }

.brand-plate {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 900px;
  padding: .7rem 1.6rem;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #FFFDF8 0%, #FBF3E4 100%);
  border-radius: 14px;
  border: 2px solid var(--gold);
  box-shadow:
    inset 0 0 0 4px #FFFDF8,
    inset 0 0 0 5px rgba(197, 161, 90, .55),
    0 12px 30px rgba(20, 4, 8, .45);
  transition: transform .3s var(--ease), box-shadow .3s var(--ease);
}
.brand-plate img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }
.brand-plate:hover, .brand-plate:focus-visible {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow:
    inset 0 0 0 4px #FFFDF8,
    inset 0 0 0 5px rgba(197, 161, 90, .75),
    0 16px 36px rgba(20, 4, 8, .55);
}
.brand-plate:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--gold-soft); outline-offset: 4px; }

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .brand-header { padding: 1rem 0 1.1rem; }
  .brand-plate { max-width: 720px; padding: .55rem 1.1rem; }
}
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .brand-header { padding: .7rem 0 .8rem; }
  .brand-header .container-xxl { padding-left: .75rem; padding-right: .75rem; }
  .brand-plate { padding: .35rem .5rem; border-radius: 10px; border-width: 1.5px;
    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 3px #FFFDF8, inset 0 0 0 4px rgba(197,161,90,.5), 0 8px 20px rgba(20,4,8,.4); }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .brand-plate { transition: none; } }

/* =============================================================
   v12 — Single-row header: new logo left, rounded navy
   pill menu right (replaces the separate brand banner)
   ============================================================= */
.main-nav.site-header,
.main-nav.site-header.is-stuck {
  background: #fff;
  border-top: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: .55rem 0;
  transition: padding .25s var(--ease), box-shadow .25s var(--ease);
}
.main-nav.site-header.is-stuck { padding: .35rem 0; box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(15, 42, 67, .12); }

.site-logo { display: block; padding: 0; margin-right: 1.25rem; flex: 0 0 auto; }
.site-logo img {
  display: block; height: 88px; width: auto;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(15, 42, 67, .18);
  transition: height .25s var(--ease);
}
.site-header.is-stuck .site-logo img { height: 66px; }
.nav-mini-brand { display: none !important; }

/* Desktop pill */
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .main-nav .nav-pill {
    background: var(--navy);
    border-radius: 999px;
    padding: .35rem 1.1rem;
    align-items: center;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(15, 42, 67, .18);
  }
  .main-nav .nav-pill .nav-link {
    color: #fff; font-weight: 700; font-size: .92rem;
    padding: .95rem .7rem !important;
  }
  .main-nav .nav-pill .nav-link:hover,
  .main-nav .nav-pill .nav-link:focus-visible,
  .main-nav .nav-pill .nav-link.active,
  .main-nav .nav-pill .show > .nav-link { color: var(--gold-soft); }
  .main-nav .nav-pill .nav-link::before { background: var(--gold); bottom: .55rem; left: .7rem; right: .7rem; }
  .main-nav .nav-pill .dropdown-menu { margin-top: .35rem; border-top-color: var(--gold); border-radius: var(--radius-sm); }
}
@media (min-width: 1200px) and (max-width: 1399.98px) {
  .site-logo { margin-right: .75rem; }
  .site-logo img { height: 84px; }
  .main-nav .nav-pill { padding: .3rem .7rem; }
  .main-nav .nav-pill .nav-link { font-size: .84rem; padding-left: .48rem !important; padding-right: .48rem !important; }
  .main-nav .nav-pill .nav-link::before { left: .48rem; right: .48rem; }
}

/* Tablet / mobile: logo + hamburger, menu drops into a navy panel */
@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  .site-logo img { height: 64px; }
  .site-header.is-stuck .site-logo img { height: 54px; }
  .navbar-toggler { background: var(--navy); border-color: var(--navy); }
  .toggler-bar { background: #fff; }
  .main-nav .navbar-collapse { margin-top: .6rem; }
  .main-nav .nav-pill { background: var(--navy); border-radius: 16px; padding: .4rem 1rem .6rem; }
  .main-nav .nav-pill .nav-link { color: #fff; border-bottom-color: rgba(255,255,255,.12); }
  .main-nav .nav-pill .nav-link:hover, .main-nav .nav-pill .nav-link.active { color: var(--gold-soft); }
  .main-nav .nav-pill .dropdown-menu { background: rgba(255,255,255,.06); border-left-color: var(--gold); }
  .main-nav .nav-pill .dropdown-item { color: #DCE5EF; }
  .main-nav .nav-pill .dropdown-item:hover, .main-nav .nav-pill .dropdown-item:focus { background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); color: #fff; }
}
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .site-logo { margin-right: .5rem; }
  .site-logo img { height: 56px; }
  .site-header.is-stuck .site-logo img { height: 46px; }
}

/* =============================================================
   v10 — Slide 1 = green banner image (images/green_banner.png)
   Desktop: whole banner, never cropped, over a soft blurred copy.
   Mobile/tablet: banner full-width on top, slide text below.
   ============================================================= */
.hero-slide--banner { background: #014a12; }
.hero-slide--banner::before, .hero-slide--banner::after { display: none; }
.hero-banner { display: block; position: relative; z-index: 2; }
.hero-banner img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }
.hero-banner-bg { display: none; }

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .hero-slide--banner .hero-banner-copy { display: none; }
  .hero-banner-bg {
    display: block; position: absolute; inset: -40px; z-index: 0;
    background: url("images/green_banner.webp") center / cover no-repeat;
    filter: blur(28px) brightness(.55) saturate(1.1);
  }
  .hero-banner {
    position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: 2;
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    padding: 1.5rem 6% 3.6rem; /* side room for arrows, bottom room for dots */
  }
  .hero-banner img {
    width: auto; height: auto; max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
    border-radius: 6px;
    box-shadow: 0 22px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.45);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .hero-slide--banner { background: linear-gradient(180deg, #014a12 0%, #0C2619 100%); }
  .hero-slide--banner .row { padding-top: 1.6rem; }
}

/* ---------- Floating WhatsApp button ---------- */
.whatsapp-float {
  position: fixed; left: 1.2rem; bottom: 1.2rem; z-index: 1030;
  width: 56px; height: 56px; border-radius: 50%;
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  background: #25D366; color: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(0,0,0,.28);
  transition: transform .2s, box-shadow .2s, background .2s;
}
.whatsapp-float svg { width: 30px; height: 30px; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.whatsapp-float::before { /* soft pulse ring */
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(37,211,102,.45); animation: waPulse 2.2s ease-out infinite;
}
.whatsapp-float:hover, .whatsapp-float:focus-visible {
  background: #1EBE5A; color: #fff; transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(0,0,0,.32);
}
.whatsapp-float:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--gold); outline-offset: 3px; }
@keyframes waPulse { 0% { transform: scale(1); opacity: .9; } 100% { transform: scale(1.6); opacity: 0; } }
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .whatsapp-float { width: 52px; height: 52px; left: .9rem; bottom: .9rem; }
  .whatsapp-float svg { width: 28px; height: 28px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .whatsapp-float::before { display: none; } }
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  /* banner slide: text sits right under the image, spare height goes below */
  .hero-slide--banner .hero-banner-copy, .hero-slide--banner .row { height: auto !important; }
  .hero-slide--banner .row { align-items: flex-start !important; }
}
@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  /* keep footer text clear of the floating WhatsApp / back-to-top buttons */
  .footer-bottom { padding-bottom: 5.5rem; }
}

/* =============================================================
   v11 — Slide 3: Lord Murugar image (images/murugar-new-700.jpg)
   in a temple-arch frame, centred in the right column
   ============================================================= */
.hero-slide--1 .hero-visual { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }
.hero-deity { margin: 0; text-align: center; }
.hero-deity img {
  display: block; margin: 0 auto;
  width: 300px; height: 360px;
  object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 20%;
  border-radius: 150px 150px 18px 18px;   /* temple arch */
  border: 6px solid rgba(255,255,255,.92);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px var(--gold), 0 24px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.4);
  background: #3a2a10;
}
.hero-deity figcaption {
  margin-top: 1rem; font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); color: var(--gold-soft);
  font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.15rem;
}
@media (min-width: 1400px) { .hero-deity img { width: 320px; height: 384px; border-radius: 160px 160px 18px 18px; } }
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .hero-deity img { width: 170px; height: 204px; border-width: 4px; border-radius: 85px 85px 12px 12px; }
  .hero-deity figcaption { font-size: .95rem; margin-top: .6rem; }
}

/* WhatsApp: move to the right, stacked under back-to-top,
   so it never sits on top of the hero text / buttons on the left */
.whatsapp-float { left: auto; right: 1.2rem; bottom: 1.2rem; }
.back-to-top { bottom: calc(1.2rem + 56px + .75rem); right: calc(1.2rem + 5px); }
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .whatsapp-float { left: auto; right: .9rem; bottom: .9rem; }
  .back-to-top { bottom: calc(.9rem + 52px + .7rem); right: calc(.9rem + 3px); }
}

/* =============================================================
   v13 — New wide logo (images/add-logo-900.png, transparent)
   Logo takes the space left beside the menu / hamburger.
   ============================================================= */
.site-logo { flex: 0 1 auto; min-width: 0; }
.site-logo img,
.site-header.is-stuck .site-logo img {
  height: auto; width: 100%;
  max-width: 470px;
  border-radius: 0; box-shadow: none;
  transition: max-width .25s var(--ease);
}
.site-header.is-stuck .site-logo img { max-width: 400px; }
.main-nav > .container-xxl { flex-wrap: nowrap; }
.main-nav .navbar-toggler { flex: 0 0 auto; }
@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  .main-nav > .container-xxl { flex-wrap: wrap; }   /* menu panel drops below */
  .site-logo { flex: 1 1 0; max-width: calc(100% - 64px); }
  .site-logo img, .site-header.is-stuck .site-logo img { max-width: 440px; }
}
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .site-logo img, .site-header.is-stuck .site-logo img { max-width: 100%; }
}
/* Desktop: wide logo gets its own row, menu pill runs full width below */
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .main-nav > .container-xxl { flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: .55rem; }
  .site-logo { flex: 0 0 auto; margin-right: 0; }
  .site-logo img { width: 520px; max-width: 520px; }
  .site-header.is-stuck .site-logo img { width: 360px; max-width: 360px; }
  .main-nav .navbar-collapse { flex-basis: 100%; }
  .main-nav .nav-pill { width: 100%; justify-content: space-between; margin-left: 0 !important; padding-left: 1.6rem; padding-right: 1.6rem; }
}
/* clip the blurred banner background so it never causes sideways scroll */
.hero, .hero .carousel-inner, .hero-slide--banner { overflow: hidden; }
main { overflow-x: clip; }   /* stops a 6px sideways scroll from decorative shapes */

/* =============================================================
   v14 — Logo = sharp emblem image + live text (always crisp,
   correct Tamil spelling: சங்குகன்ன பாலசித்தர்)
   ============================================================= */
.site-logo { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .85rem; text-decoration: none; min-width: 0; }
.site-logo .logo-emblem,
.site-header.is-stuck .site-logo .logo-emblem {
  width: auto; max-width: none; height: 88px; flex: 0 0 auto;
  border-radius: 0; box-shadow: none; transition: height .25s var(--ease);
}
.logo-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-width: 0; line-height: 1.1; }
.logo-ta {
  font-family: var(--font-ta-serif); font-weight: 700; color: #7A1F2B;
  font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.35;
}
.logo-en {
  font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; color: #1F3A5F;
  font-size: 2.05rem; letter-spacing: .06em; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 1.05;
  white-space: nowrap;
  padding-bottom: .3rem; border-bottom: 2px solid #C5A15A; margin-bottom: .3rem;
}
.logo-tag {
  font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; color: #A8823E;
  font-size: .72rem; letter-spacing: .22em; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: nowrap;
}
.site-header.is-stuck .site-logo .logo-emblem { height: 64px; }
.site-header.is-stuck .logo-en { font-size: 1.6rem; }
.site-header.is-stuck .logo-ta { font-size: .9rem; }
.site-header.is-stuck .logo-tag { font-size: .62rem; }

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .site-logo { flex: 0 0 auto; }
}
@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  .site-logo { flex: 1 1 0; max-width: calc(100% - 64px); }
  .site-logo .logo-emblem, .site-header.is-stuck .site-logo .logo-emblem { height: 70px; }
  .logo-en, .site-header.is-stuck .logo-en { font-size: 1.65rem; }
  .logo-ta, .site-header.is-stuck .logo-ta { font-size: .95rem; }
  .logo-tag, .site-header.is-stuck .logo-tag { font-size: .62rem; letter-spacing: .18em; }
}
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .site-logo { gap: .5rem; }
  .site-logo .logo-emblem, .site-header.is-stuck .site-logo .logo-emblem { height: 50px; }
  .logo-en, .site-header.is-stuck .logo-en { font-size: clamp(.92rem, 4.4vw, 1.15rem); letter-spacing: .04em; padding-bottom: .2rem; margin-bottom: .2rem; border-bottom-width: 1.5px; }
  .logo-ta, .site-header.is-stuck .logo-ta { font-size: clamp(.7rem, 3.2vw, .82rem); line-height: 1.3; }
  .logo-tag, .site-header.is-stuck .logo-tag { font-size: clamp(.42rem, 1.9vw, .5rem); letter-spacing: .1em; }
}
/* phones: name scales with screen width, tagline hidden (too small to read) */
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .site-logo .logo-emblem, .site-header.is-stuck .site-logo .logo-emblem { height: 44px; }
  .logo-text { overflow: hidden; }
  .logo-en, .site-header.is-stuck .logo-en {
    font-size: clamp(.72rem, calc((100vw - 196px) / 12.5), 1.2rem);
    letter-spacing: .03em; border-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; margin-bottom: 0;
  }
  .logo-ta, .site-header.is-stuck .logo-ta { font-size: clamp(.66rem, calc((100vw - 196px) / 16), .9rem); }
  .logo-tag { display: none; }
}
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  /* text box = 100vw - 183px; English name needs ~15.4em, Tamil ~16.8em */
  .logo-en, .site-header.is-stuck .logo-en { font-size: min(calc((100vw - 186px) / 15.8), 1.2rem); }
  .logo-ta, .site-header.is-stuck .logo-ta { font-size: min(calc((100vw - 186px) / 17.2), .95rem); }
}
@media (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  /* text box ≈ 100vw - 235px; English (.06em spacing) needs ~16.3em */
  .logo-en, .site-header.is-stuck .logo-en { font-size: min(calc((100vw - 245px) / 16.6), 1.65rem); }
  .logo-ta, .site-header.is-stuck .logo-ta { font-size: min(calc((100vw - 245px) / 24), .95rem); }
  .logo-tag, .site-header.is-stuck .logo-tag { font-size: min(calc((100vw - 245px) / 44), .62rem); }
}

/* =============================================================
   v15 — New Murugar photo (images/murugar-thumb.jpg) everywhere the
   old cut-out was used: info panels, sidebar, issue card, footer.
   Same gold temple-arch frame as the hero slide.
   ============================================================= */
img.murugar-thumb {
  display: block; flex: 0 0 auto;
  width: 56px; height: 66px;
  object-fit: cover; object-position: 50% 22%;
  border-radius: 28px 28px 6px 6px;
  border: 2px solid #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--gold), 0 4px 10px rgba(15,42,67,.18);
  background: #3a2a10; padding: 0;
}
.info-panel-head img.murugar-thumb { width: 56px; height: 66px; }
.side-nav .info-panel-head img.murugar-thumb { width: 46px; height: 54px; border-radius: 23px 23px 5px 5px; }
.issue-cover img.murugar-thumb {
  width: 84px; height: 100px; margin: 0 auto .8rem;
  border-radius: 42px 42px 8px 8px; border-width: 3px;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px var(--gold), 0 8px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.25);
}
.footer-brand img.murugar-thumb {
  width: 58px; height: 68px; border-radius: 29px 29px 6px 6px;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--gold);
}

/* fix: on phones/tablets the "On This Page" panel is not sticky, keep its
   gold accent bar inside the panel instead of on the page edge */
@media (max-width: 991.98px) { .side-nav { position: relative !important; top: auto; } }

/* =============================================================
   v16 — Typography polish (mobile first-checked)
   ============================================================= */
/* Tamil headings: Tamil font + roomier line height (all sizes) */
h1:lang(ta), h2:lang(ta), h3:lang(ta),
.section-title:lang(ta) {
  font-family: var(--font-ta-serif);
  line-height: 1.45;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}
.section-title:lang(ta) { font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 3.2vw, 2rem); }

/* nicer line breaks: no single orphan word on headings */
h1, h2, h3, .hero-title, .section-title { text-wrap: balance; }
p, li, dd { text-wrap: pretty; }

/* tiny uppercase labels: never below 12px */
.demo-tag, .achiever-tag, .member-role { font-size: max(.74rem, 12px); }

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  /* section headings a little smaller so they don't crowd phones */
  .section-title, .cfp-title { font-size: 1.75rem; line-height: 1.2; }
  .section-title:lang(ta) { font-size: 1.35rem; line-height: 1.5; }

  /* one consistent size for every card title */
  .area-card h3, .highlight-card h3, .about-block h3, .article-row h3,
  .policy-card h3, .contact-card h3, .achiever-body h3, .member-card h3,
  .cfp-procedure h3, .pane-title, .pc-name, .sub-title {
    font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.25;
  }
  /* featured names a step larger */
  .editor-body h3 { font-size: 1.65rem; line-height: 1.2; }

  /* hero label: one line, gold rule on both sides, truly centred */
  .hero-kicker { font-size: .74rem; letter-spacing: .14em; gap: .6rem; text-align: center; flex-wrap: nowrap; }
  .hero-kicker::before, .hero-kicker::after { content: ""; flex: 0 0 22px; width: 22px; height: 1px; background: var(--gold); }
}
@media (max-width: 374.98px) {
  .hero-kicker { font-size: .66rem; letter-spacing: .1em; }
  .hero-kicker::before, .hero-kicker::after { flex-basis: 14px; width: 14px; }
}
@media (max-width: 767.98px) { .hero-kicker { white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; } }
@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .archives-strip h3 { font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.25; }
  .hero-kicker { font-size: 12px; }
}
@media (max-width: 374.98px) { .hero-kicker { font-size: 11px; } }
.hero-title { text-wrap: wrap; }

/* =============================================================
   v15 — Header: emblem LEFT • journal name CENTRE • Siddhar RIGHT
   ============================================================= */
.site-logo .logo-side {
  width: auto; max-width: none; height: 96px; flex: 0 0 auto;
  border-radius: 0; box-shadow: none; transition: height .25s var(--ease);
}
.logo-text { align-items: center; text-align: center; flex: 1 1 auto; }
.site-header.is-stuck .site-logo .logo-side { height: 70px; width: auto; max-width: none; }

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .site-logo { flex: 0 0 100%; width: 100%; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1.5rem; }
}
@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  .site-logo .logo-side, .site-header.is-stuck .site-logo .logo-side { height: 76px; }
}
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .site-logo { gap: .4rem; }
  .site-logo .logo-side, .site-header.is-stuck .site-logo .logo-side { height: 50px; }
  .site-logo .logo-emblem, .site-header.is-stuck .site-logo .logo-emblem { height: 42px; }
  /* phones: name breaks onto two lines so it stays readable between the two images */
  .logo-en, .site-header.is-stuck .logo-en {
    white-space: normal; line-height: 1.12;
    font-size: clamp(.78rem, 3.7vw, 1rem); letter-spacing: .03em;
  }
  .logo-ta, .site-header.is-stuck .logo-ta { font-size: clamp(.62rem, 2.9vw, .8rem); }
}

/* =============================================================
   v16 — Bigger header images, grouped in the centre with the name
   ============================================================= */
.site-logo .logo-emblem { height: 104px; }
.site-logo .logo-side   { height: 114px; }
.site-header.is-stuck .site-logo .logo-emblem { height: 76px; }
.site-header.is-stuck .site-logo .logo-side   { height: 84px; }
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .site-logo { justify-content: center; gap: 2.75rem; }
  .logo-text { flex: 0 1 auto; }
}
@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
  .site-logo { justify-content: center; gap: 1.5rem; }
  .logo-text { flex: 0 1 auto; }
  .site-logo .logo-emblem, .site-header.is-stuck .site-logo .logo-emblem { height: 80px; }
  .site-logo .logo-side,   .site-header.is-stuck .site-logo .logo-side   { height: 88px; }
}
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .site-logo { gap: .45rem; }
  .site-logo .logo-emblem, .site-header.is-stuck .site-logo .logo-emblem { height: 48px; }
  .site-logo .logo-side,   .site-header.is-stuck .site-logo .logo-side   { height: 58px; }
}